All Details of The Mughal Empire

THE MUGHAL EMPIRE

01  BABUR (1526-30)
  • He defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the first Battleoofppanipat in 1526 and established the mughal empire.
  • He defeated Rana Sang of Mewar in Battle of khanua in 1527.
  • He died in 1530 and was buried in Aram Bagh (Kabul).
  • His autobiography Tazuk-i-Baburi was written in Turkish Language.
 02  HUMAYUN (1530-40 AND 1555-56)
  • He was defeated by Sher Shah in the Battle of Chausa (1539)  and again in the Battle of Bilgram (Also known as Battle of Kanauj in 1540), and remained exiled from India till 1555.
  • He regained the throne in 1555 and died in 1556. His tomb is the prototype of Taj Mahal. His sister Gulbadan Began wrote Humayun nama. 
03. AKBAR (1556-1605)
  • Born at Amarkot in 1542, Akbar was coronated at age of 14.
  • He fought the second battle of panipat in 1556 against Hemu, and emerged victorious.
  • He defeated the Rajputs led by Rana Pratap in the Battle of Haldighati in 1576. He conquered Malwa (1561), Gandwana (1564) and Gujarat (1573), and built the Buland Darwaza at Fathehpur Sikri to commemorate this victory. 
  • Akbar constructed the royal city of Fatehpur Sikri in 1570 and served as the empire's capital from 1571 until 1585.
  • He introduced Mansabdari system (under this system the army and bureaucracy were organised in order of rank),  Zabti system (for land revenue) which is also known as Todar Mal Bandobast and Dahasals system (a revenue on crops). He abolished Jiziya (1564) and formulated a new order Tauhit-e-illahi (Din-e-illahi) or universal religion. He built Agra Fort and his own tomb at sikandara (Agra). Abul Fazal wrote Ain-l-Akbari and Akbarnama.
04. JAHANGIR (1605-1627)
  • He executed fifth Sikh guru Arjun Dec,  who helped Khusro (Jahangir's son, later known as Sahajahan) in the rebellion against him. 
  • He married Merh-un-Nisa (Nur Jahan) in 1611. Captain Hawkins (1608-11) and sir Thomas Roe (1615-1619) visited his court and he allowed British to establish factories at Surat. 
  • Jahangir built Moti Masjid at Agra and his Mausoleum at shahdara  (Lahore). 
  • He wrote his memoir Tuzuk-I-Jahangiri in Persian language.
05. SAHAJAHAN (1627-58)
  • He annexed Ahmadnagar (1633) and concluded treaties with Bijapur and Golkonda (1636). He was defeated and imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb (1658) and later died in 1666.
  • He built Taj Mahal (Agra), Moti Masjid (Agra), Jama Masjid (Delhi), Red Fort (Delhi) and Shalmar Bagh (Lahore).
  • He built the famous Peacock throne. 
06. Aurangzeb (1658-1707)
  • He came to power by murdering his three brothers (Dara. Shuja and Mural) and imprisoning his father Sahajahan. 
  • Various rebellions took place during his reign. He reimposed Jaziya and banned Nauraz (singing and dancing in court). He was called as Zinda pir or Darvesh. 
  • He built Moti Masjid (Delhi) and Bibi-ka-Mokbara (Aurangabad). 
LATER MUGHAL RULERS
  • Aurangzeb successors were weak and incapable rulers, which led to fall of the Mughal empire.
  • Nadir Shah, a Persian  king invaded India during the rule of Mohammed shah and took away the peacock thorne and Kohinoor diamond. 
  • Bahadur shah 2 (1837-57) was the last mughal ruler. He was deported to Rangoon after the 1857 revolt. 

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